Your sources are all translations
Manto, Iqbal, Faiz. You've read them in English. Your professor knows you're reading shadows of the originals.
You can't read Pakistani media
Dawn is in English. But Jang, Express, Geo. The newspapers that actually shape opinion in Pakistan are in Urdu.
Your research hits a wall
Archives, speeches, pamphlets, court documents, oral histories. The deeper you go into South Asian studies, the more you need Urdu.
Fieldwork without the language
Interviews through translators. Context lost in summarisation. If you're doing fieldwork in Pakistan, you need the language yourself.


